tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16541864946726954332024-03-13T23:52:50.597-07:00Engineering drawingraviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-41083590811220173402010-08-05T04:06:00.000-07:002010-07-10T05:44:07.574-07:00INTRODUCTION TO DRAWING<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDQVsb4yIFI/AAAAAAAAAJc/GqTwQqt3dog/s640/drawing_board1-1.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;">ENGINEERING DRAWING</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> It is graphical representation of physical objects and their relationship.the ability to read drawing is the most important requirement of all technical people in engineering profession. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">In the basic engineering drawing we mainly discuss about the geometrical drawing , it is the art of representation of objects on a drawing sheet and is the foundation of all engineering drawing...</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> NOTE: if a student understand the trick involved in it, he can easily gain the grip on the subject.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #073763;">IMAGINATION</span> is very important while studying engineering drawing.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">click on the links below for the topics: </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDhScpiGFdI/AAAAAAAAAKc/HcySjkci0Rw/s1600/blue-sky-sailboat-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="73" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDhScpiGFdI/AAAAAAAAAKc/HcySjkci0Rw/s400/blue-sky-sailboat-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> <a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/basics-of-engineering-drawing.html">BASICS</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/scales.html">SCALES</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/conic-section.html">CONIC SECTION</a> </span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">PARABOLA</span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/parabola-and-its-construction-by.html">Parabola by eccentricity</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/parabola-by-triangle-method.html">parabola by triangle method</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">parabola by oblong or rectangle method</span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ELLIPSE</span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ellipse by eccentricity</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ellipse by concentric circles method</span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">HYPERBOLA</span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Hyperbola by eccentricity method</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">rectangular hyperbola</span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/06/cycloidsepicycloids-hypocycloids.html">CYCLOIDS</a></span></li>
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/cycloids-and-their-construction.html">Cycloid and their construction</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/epicycloids-and-their-construction.html">Epi-cycloid</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/hypocycloids-and-their-construction.html">Hypo-cycloid</a></span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">INVOLUTES</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS</span></li>
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</span>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-16751188175603088622010-07-13T05:36:00.000-07:002010-07-13T05:36:53.346-07:00SCALES<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Usually the word scale is used for an instrument used for drawing straight lines. But actually in Engineer’s language scale means the proportion or ratio between the dimensions adopted for the drawing and the corresponding dimensions of the object. It can be indicated in two different ways. Example: The actual dimensions of the room say 10m x 8m cannot be adopted on the drawing. In suitable proportion the dimensions should be reduced in order to adopt conveniently on the drawing sheet. If the room is represented by a rectangle of 10cm x 8cm size on the drawing sheet that means the actual size is reduced by 100 times. </span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Representing scales</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: The proportion between the drawing and the object can be represented by <b>two </b>ways as follows<b>: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">a) Scale: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">- 1cm = 1m or 1cm=100cm or 1:100 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">b) Representative Fraction</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: - (RF) = 1/100 (less than one) i.e. the ratio between the size of the drawing and the object. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">There are <b>three </b>types of scales depending upon the proportion it indicates as <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1. Reducing scale</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: When the dimensions on the drawing are smaller than the actual dimensions of the object. It is represented by the scale and RF as <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Scale: - 1cm=100cm or 1:100 and by RF=1/100 (less than one) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">2. Full scale</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: Some times the actual dimensions of the object will be adopted on the drawing then in that case it is represented by the scale and RF as <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Scale: - 1cm = 1cm or 1:1 and by R.F=1/1 (equal to one). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">3. Enlarging scale</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: In some cases when the objects are very small like inside parts of a wrist watch, the dimensions adopted on the drawing will be bigger than the actual dimensions of the objects then in that case it is represented by scale and RF as <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Scale: - 10cm=1cm or 10:1 and by R.F= 10/1 (greater than one) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Note: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">The scale or R.F of a drawing is given usually below the drawing. If the scale adopted is common for all drawings on that particular sheet, then it is given commonly for all figures under the title of sheet. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1.7 Types of Scales and their constructions: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">When an unusual proportion is to be adopted and when the ready made scales are not available then the required scale is to be constructed on the drawing sheet itself. To construct the scale the data required is 1) the R.F of the scale 2) The units which it has to represent i.e. millimetres or centimetres or metres or kilometres in M.K.S or inches or feet or yards or miles in F.P.S) The maximum length which it should measure. If the maximum length is not given, some suitable length can be assumed. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The maximum length of the scale to be constructed on the drawing sheet = <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">R.F X maximum length the scale should measure. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This should be generally of 15 to 20 cms length.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Table: Metric Units Table: FPS Units </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1 Kilometre (km) =10 Hecta metres (hm) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1 Mile =8 Furlongs<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1 Hectametere(hm) =10 Decametres(dam)or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1km <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1 Furlong =220 Yards <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1 Decametre(dam) =10 Metres (m) or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1hm <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1Yard =3 Feet <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1 Metre(m) =10Decimetres(dm) or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1dam <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1 Feet =12 Inches <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1 Decimetre(dm) =10 Centimetres(cm) or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1m <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1 Centimetre(cm) =10 Millimetres (mm) or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.1dm <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The various types of <b>scales </b>used in practice are <b>1. </b>Plain scales, <b>2. </b>Diagonal scales, <b>3. </b>Vernier scales, <b>4. </b>Comparative scales and <b>5. </b>Scale of chords.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">1.7.1 Plain Scales: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Plain scales read or measure upto <b>two </b>units or a unit and its sub-division, for example centimetres (cm) and millimetres (mm). When measurements are required upto first decimal, for example 2.3 m or 4.6 cm etc. It consists of a line divided into number of equal main parts and the first main part is sub-divided into smaller parts. Mark zero (O) at the end of the first main part. From zero mark numbers to the main parts or units towards right and give numbers to the sub-divisions or smaller parts towards left. Give the names of the units and sub-units below clearly. Indicate below the name of the scale and its R.F clearly. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The construction of the plain scale is explained below by a worked example.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">W E 1.1 A 3 cm long line represents a length of 4.5 metres. Extend this line to measure upto 30 metres and show on it units of metre and 5 metre. Show the length of 22 metres on this line. Fig 1.10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxaB_m6WPI/AAAAAAAAALI/Gi1iHWCFkVA/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxaB_m6WPI/AAAAAAAAALI/Gi1iHWCFkVA/s640/Untitled.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div><b><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">i) The scale has to represent metre and 5 metres, hence it is a Plain scale. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">ii) Given that 3cm represents 4.5metres or 450cm, Hence 1cm represents 450/3=150cm, hence scale is 1cm=150cm or 1:150: R.F=1/150 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">iii) Maximum length to read is 30metres; Length of the scale is 20cm. i.e. (1/150)x30x100 = 20cm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Construction:</span></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Draw a straight line of 20cm length and divide into 6 equal parts. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Divide again first part into 5 equal parts. Give numbers as shown. To represent 22 metres, take 4 main parts to represent 20 metres and 2 small parts to represent 2metres. Give names as A and B so that the distance between A and B is 22 metres as shown. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Note: Assume height of the plain scale as 1 cm.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span></div><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span></div><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Construct a plain scale of 1:5 to show decimeters and centimeters and to read upto 1 metre. Show the length of 7.4 decimetres on it. </span></span></span></div></b><br />
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</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxa3gMMvAI/AAAAAAAAALQ/swxcl7X20g4/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxa3gMMvAI/AAAAAAAAALQ/swxcl7X20g4/s640/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">i) The scale has to represent decimetre and 1/10 of decimeter. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ii) Given that the scale is 1:5 that is R.F=1/5 <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">iii) Maximum length to read is 1 metre; Length of the scale=(1/5)x1x100=20cm</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Construction:</span></b></div><div class="Default"><b></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Draw a straight line of 20cm length and divide into 10 equal parts. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Divide again first part into 10 equal parts. Give numbers as shown. To represent 7.4 decimetres, take 7 main parts to represent 7 decimetres and 4 small parts to represen0t 0.4 decimetres. Give names as A and B so that the distance between A and B is 7.4 decimetres as shown. </span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Diagonal Scales</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">:</span></b></div><div class="Default"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="Default"><b></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Diagonal scales are used to read or measure upto </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">three </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">units</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">. </span></b><o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">For example: decimetres (dm), centimetres (cm) and millimetres (mm) or miles, furlon</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div><div class="Default" style="display: inline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">gs and yards etc. This scale is used when very small distances such as 0.1 mm are to be accurately measured or when measurements are required upto second decimal.</span></div><b></b><br />
<div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="Default" style="display: inline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
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<div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">For example: 2.35dm or 4.68km etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Small divisions of short lines are obtained by the principle of diagonal division, as explained below: </span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Principle of diagonal scale: </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">To divide a given line AB into small divisions in multiples of 1/10 its length for example 0.1AB; 0.2AB etc. as shown in </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxcMyjvkmI/AAAAAAAAALY/IY3lISfHbUg/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxcMyjvkmI/AAAAAAAAALY/IY3lISfHbUg/s640/2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"></span></span></div><div class="Default"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Procedure: </span></b></div><div class="Default"><b></b>i) Draw AB of given length <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default">ii) At one end, say at B draw a line perpendicular to AB. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default">iii) Mark 10 equal divisions by taking some convenient length starting from B and ending with C. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default">iv) Give numbers from 9, 8, 7----1 as shown. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default">v) Join C to A and from 9 to 1, draw parallels to AB, cutting AC at 9′, 8′, ------ 1′ etc. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">vi) From the similar triangles 1′1C, 2′2C ------- 9′9C and ABC, C5=(1/2)BC=0.5BC and 5′5=(1/2)AB=0.5AB. Similarly 1′1=0.1AB, 2′2=0.2AB etc <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Thus each horizontal line below AB will be shorter by (1/10)AB, giving lengths in multiples of 0.1AB<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">: </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">An area of 144 sqcm on a map represents an area of 9 sqkm on the field. Find the R.F.of the scale for this map and draw a diagonal scale to show kilometers, hectametres and decameters and to measure upto 5 kilometres. Indicate on the scale a distance of 3 kilometres, 5 hectametres and 6 decametres or 3.56km.</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></b></span></div><b><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The area on the map is 144 sqcm and the area on the field is 9 sqkm. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Take square root on both sides. Then 12cm=3 km or Scale is 1 cm= 0.25km or 2.5x10</span></span><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">4 </span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">cm; RF=1/(2.5x10</span></span><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">4</span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Length of the scale to read upto 5 km is RF X 5 km= 1/(2.5x10</span></span><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">4</span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">) X 5x10</span></span><sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">5 </span></span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">=20cm</span></span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxdHuWL7YI/AAAAAAAAALg/sVRKIUpoRsw/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDxdHuWL7YI/AAAAAAAAALg/sVRKIUpoRsw/s640/3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></span></b></span></div><b><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Construction:</span></b></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><b><div class="Default" style="display: inline !important; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></b></b> <div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Draw a line AB of 20 cm and construct a rectangle on it, by taking AD 5cm as shown. Divide AB into 5 equal parts and number them from second part starting with 0 to 4 towards right side to indicate kilometers (km). Divide 0A into 10 equal parts, each part represents a hectametre (hm). Divide AD into 10 equal parts, each part represents one decametre (dam). Join diagonals as shown. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">To mark 3.56km, take it as sum of 3.50km and 0.06km. On the plain scale take 3.5km and on the diagonal at 5 upto 6 parts diagonally which is equal to 0.06km, giving a total of 3.56km as shown by MN. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><br />
</div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Note: Assume the height of the diagonal scale AD as 5cm for dividing it into 10 equal parts conveniently.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="Default"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><br />
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</b>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-39876340338088063602010-07-11T01:29:00.000-07:002010-07-11T01:29:59.017-07:00INVOLUTES and their CONSTRUCTION<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">INVOLUTE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul><li>An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute">involute</a> is a curve that is traced by a point on a taut cord unwinding from a circle or regular polygon, which is called a base or (plane figures for part of this unit which includes a line, triangle, square, hexagon) The involute is a form of spiral, the curvature of which becomes straighter as it is drawn from a base circle and becomes a straight line at infinity.</li>
<li>An involute drawn from a small base circle is more curved than one drawn from a larger base circle</li>
<li>The involute of a circle has a property that makes it important to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear">gear</a> industry: if the teeth of two mating gears have the shape of an involute, their relative rates of rotation are constant while the teeth are engaged. </li>
<li>With teeth of other shapes, the relative speeds rise and fall as successive teeth engage, resulting in vibration, noise, and excessive wear</li>
<li><br />
</li>
</ul>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-44309601169821199012010-07-06T03:33:00.000-07:002010-07-06T03:33:12.779-07:00PARABOLA by TRIANGLE METHOD<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A parabola is a curve traced by a point, moving such that, at any position ,its distance from the fixed point <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(focus) is always equal to its distance from a fixed straight line (directrix)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> parabola can be constructed in many ways.. like eccentricity method, triangle method, oblong or rectangle method etc....</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Triangle method</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">triangle method of construction is based on tangents.. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">Draw the base AB and axis CD , such that CD is perpendicular bisector to AB.</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMFgULkpaI/AAAAAAAAAIs/OBlpXrXJBCA/s1600/triangle+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMFgULkpaI/AAAAAAAAAIs/OBlpXrXJBCA/s400/triangle+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">produce CD to E such that DE = CD.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">join E,A and E, B. these are the tangents to the parabola at A and B.</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMFoszoqcI/AAAAAAAAAI0/IXTOM6t5cOg/s1600/triangle+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="317" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMFoszoqcI/AAAAAAAAAI0/IXTOM6t5cOg/s400/triangle+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">Divide AE and BE in to the same number of the equal parts and number the points as shown.</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMF4fzcp3I/AAAAAAAAAI8/heYTarw4WH4/s1600/triangle+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMF4fzcp3I/AAAAAAAAAI8/heYTarw4WH4/s400/triangle+3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">join 1,1' ; 2,2' ; 3,3'; etc.... forming the tangents to the required parabola</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMF-VMJwkI/AAAAAAAAAJE/-e48mibq3Ag/s1600/triangle+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMF-VMJwkI/AAAAAAAAAJE/-e48mibq3Ag/s400/triangle+4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">A smooth curve passing through A,D and B tangential to the above lines is the required parabola</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMGFGnAebI/AAAAAAAAAJM/x_SOdtz_jNs/s1600/triangle+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDMGFGnAebI/AAAAAAAAAJM/x_SOdtz_jNs/s400/triangle+5.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;">hence the required parabola through triangle method</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-70490761416134427052010-07-06T03:04:00.000-07:002010-07-06T03:04:38.494-07:00PARABOLA and its CONSTRUCTION by ECCENTRICITY METHOD<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The parabola<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is a conic section, the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane to a generating straight line of that surface. Given a point (the focus) and a corresponding line (the directrix) on the plane, the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant from them is a parabola</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">OR SIMPLY</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Gautami; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A parabola is a curve traced by a point, moving such that, at any position ,its distance from the fixed point <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(focus) is always equal to its distance from a fixed straight line (directrix)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL68pEjNZI/AAAAAAAAAHk/6sl1EB7c3Og/s1600/Parabola1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL68pEjNZI/AAAAAAAAAHk/6sl1EB7c3Og/s320/Parabola1.gif" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;">Construction</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large; line-height: 18px;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Draw the axis AB and the directrix CD, at right to each other.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mark the focus F on the axis with given length for suppose AF=50 or 40 etc..<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9KbU7OuI/AAAAAAAAAH0/gDSDyUl5waw/s1600/parabola2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="408" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9KbU7OuI/AAAAAAAAAH0/gDSDyUl5waw/s640/parabola2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Locate the vertex V on AB such that AV=VF= ½(AF)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Draw a line VE, perpendicular to AB such that VE=VF<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Join A,E and extend , by construction VE/VA=VF/VA=1, the eccentricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9ad_x7UI/AAAAAAAAAH8/U7FQQFpsLuQ/s1600/parabola3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="512" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9ad_x7UI/AAAAAAAAAH8/U7FQQFpsLuQ/s640/parabola3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Locate a number of points 1,2,3, etc . to the right of V on the axis, which need not be equidistant.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Through the points 1,2,3 etc, draw<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lines perpendicular to the axis and to meet the line AE extended at 1’,2’,3’, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9tb8KR4I/AAAAAAAAAIE/lqUAOZpfpks/s1600/parabola4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="602" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL9tb8KR4I/AAAAAAAAAIE/lqUAOZpfpks/s640/parabola4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With the center F and radius 1-1’, draw arcs intersecting the line through 1 at P1 and P1’. P1 and P1’ are the points on the parabola, because, the distance of P1(P1’) from Fis 1-1’and from CD. It is A-1 and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1-1’/A-1=VE/VA=VF/VA=1<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL94-fj3DI/AAAAAAAAAIM/QBnRh-TkGlc/s1600/parabola55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="620" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL94-fj3DI/AAAAAAAAAIM/QBnRh-TkGlc/s640/parabola55.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Similarly locate the points P2,P2’;P3,P3’; etc.. on either side of the axis.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Join the points by a smooth curve, forming the required parabola<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-J1BbEPI/AAAAAAAAAIU/NoWJt0TTcxA/s1600/parabola57.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="604" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-J1BbEPI/AAAAAAAAAIU/NoWJt0TTcxA/s640/parabola57.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">NOTE</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">OUR REQUIRED ONE ( PARABOLA) SHOULD BE DARK</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">hence our final figure is</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-sqrR94I/AAAAAAAAAIc/zjfJfgkv72U/s1600/parabola59.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="638" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-sqrR94I/AAAAAAAAAIc/zjfJfgkv72U/s640/parabola59.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">TO draw the tangent and normal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To draw the tangent and normal to the parabola , locate the point M. which at a given distance from directrix<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Then join M and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>F and draw a line through F, perpendicular to MF, meeting the directrix at T.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The line joining T and M and extended (T-T) is the tangent and line N-N , through M and perpendicular to TM is the normal to the curve<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-3p9Z7UI/AAAAAAAAAIk/gZemHwqHdc4/s1600/parabola60.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="634" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDL-3p9Z7UI/AAAAAAAAAIk/gZemHwqHdc4/s640/parabola60.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">this is the construction of parabola by eccentricity method</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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</span></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-560387066406586642010-07-05T07:11:00.000-07:002010-07-05T07:11:26.780-07:00CONIC SECTION<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CONIC SECTION<o:p></o:p></span></div></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CONIC SECTION mainly consists of three major parts they are</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">Ellipse</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">Parabola</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">Hyperbola</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHlxVzqz-I/AAAAAAAAAG8/-_r2mNsBpow/s1600/300px-Conic_sections_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="356" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHlxVzqz-I/AAAAAAAAAG8/-_r2mNsBpow/s640/300px-Conic_sections_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conic sections are the intersections of a right regular cone, by a cutting plane in different positions, relative to the axis of the cone.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHlg3S_pDI/AAAAAAAAAG0/o_XlNzEmgdo/s1600/INTROASD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHlg3S_pDI/AAAAAAAAAG0/o_XlNzEmgdo/s640/INTROASD.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;">PARABOLA </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The parabola<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is a conic section, the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane to a generating straight line of that surface. Given a point (the focus) and a corresponding line (the directrix) on the plane, the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant from them is a parabola.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CONSTRUCTION </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHmRv8UDWI/AAAAAAAAAHE/NcLG4jpXuOE/s1600/Parabola1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHmRv8UDWI/AAAAAAAAAHE/NcLG4jpXuOE/s320/Parabola1.gif" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">READ MORE??????</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">ELLIPSE</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">an ellipse is a plane curve that results from the intersection of a cone by a plane in a way that produces a closed curve. Circles are special cases of ellipses, obtained when the cutting plane is perpendicular to the axis. An ellipse is also the locus of all points of the plane whose distances to two fixed points add to the same constant.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHmy5rpafI/AAAAAAAAAHM/wXFbJwkhDE8/s1600/220px-Conicas1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHmy5rpafI/AAAAAAAAAHM/wXFbJwkhDE8/s320/220px-Conicas1.PNG" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellipses are closed curves and are the bounded case of the conic sections, the curves that result from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane that does not pass through its apex; the other two (open and unbounded) cases are parabolas and hyperbolas. Ellipses can also arise as images of a circle under parallel projection and some cases of perspective projection. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CONSTRUCTION </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">READ MORE ?????</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">HYPERBOLA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is similar to parabola which has he eccentricity greater than 1<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHm7SCv_TI/AAAAAAAAAHU/unUype4Aolk/s1600/250px-Hyperbola_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHm7SCv_TI/AAAAAAAAAHU/unUype4Aolk/s320/250px-Hyperbola_.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHnYvIxOFI/AAAAAAAAAHc/i1JgngMvIqk/s1600/hyperbola-6.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHnYvIxOFI/AAAAAAAAAHc/i1JgngMvIqk/s320/hyperbola-6.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">READ MORE ABOUT HYPERBOLA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></span>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-17871635126048333422010-07-05T05:47:00.000-07:002010-07-05T05:47:00.046-07:00HYPOCYCLOIDS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION<div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;">HYPOCYCLOIDS</span></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 51px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><i>construction of hypocycloid</i></span></span></span></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The curve traced by a point on a circle which rolls on the inside of a circular base surface.</b></span></span></li>
</ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 1: Divide the rolling circle in to 12 equal divisions.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 2: Transfer the 12 divisions on to the base surface.</span></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br />
</u></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ776GqVI/AAAAAAAAABw/NFtY6_Z57dM/s1600/Picture11411.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443661598140754" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ776GqVI/AAAAAAAAABw/NFtY6_Z57dM/s400/Picture11411.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 367px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 3: Mark the 12 positions of the circle - center (C1,C2,C3..) as the circle rolls on the base surface.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 4: project the positions of the point from the circle.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ776GqVI/AAAAAAAAABw/NFtY6_Z57dM/s1600/Picture11411.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQk-bmAhI/AAAAAAAAABo/McrXBOp_6Ww/s1600/Picture11511.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443267138486802" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQk-bmAhI/AAAAAAAAABo/McrXBOp_6Ww/s400/Picture11511.png" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 357px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 5: Using the radius of the circle and from the marked centers step off the position of the point.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 6: Darken the curve.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQk-bmAhI/AAAAAAAAABo/McrXBOp_6Ww/s1600/Picture11511.png"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQkWMYnqI/AAAAAAAAABg/s6TyDwUnUbQ/s1600/Picture117137.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443256337276578" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQkWMYnqI/AAAAAAAAABg/s6TyDwUnUbQ/s400/Picture117137.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 368px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><br />
</div><div></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-6584388514061385072010-07-05T05:45:00.001-07:002010-07-05T05:45:40.084-07:00EPICYCLOIDS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION<div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;"><i>EPICYCLOIDS</i></span></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">What is </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Epicycloid</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">?</span></span></i></span></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The cycloid is called the epicycloid when the generating circle rolls along another circle outside(directing circle)</span></span></li>
</ul></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br />
</u></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXc-RE1I/AAAAAAAAACg/zrlh1ElLHtM/s1600/Picture7.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXB40aTI/AAAAAAAAACY/gGJjQukytNc/s1600/Picture11.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444127059831090" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXB40aTI/AAAAAAAAACY/gGJjQukytNc/s400/Picture11.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 138px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The curve traced by a point on a circle which rolls on the out side of a circular base surface</span></span></span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXB40aTI/AAAAAAAAACY/gGJjQukytNc/s1600/Picture11.jpg"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div></div></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">CONSTRUCTION OF EPICYCLOID</span></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step1: Draw and divide the circle in to 12 equal divisions.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 2: Transfer the 12 divisions on to the base surface.</span></li>
</ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9QaszCI/AAAAAAAAACQ/QWnQlcszplE/s1600/Picture111.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443684283436066" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9QaszCI/AAAAAAAAACQ/QWnQlcszplE/s400/Picture111.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 311px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">step3: Mark the 12 positions of the circle- centers (C1,C2,C3,C4..) as the circle rolls on the base surface.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 4: Project the positions of the point from the circle.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9QaszCI/AAAAAAAAACQ/QWnQlcszplE/s1600/Picture111.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9GTK1AI/AAAAAAAAACI/1tIA8QoLcwM/s1600/Picture1111.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443681567495170" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9GTK1AI/AAAAAAAAACI/1tIA8QoLcwM/s400/Picture1111.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 338px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 5: Using the radius of the circle and from the marked centers C1,C2,C3,C4.. etc cut off the arcs through 1,2,3.. etc</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 6: Darken the curve</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ9GTK1AI/AAAAAAAAACI/1tIA8QoLcwM/s1600/Picture1111.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ8yMqtGI/AAAAAAAAACA/9qyTyCXcG_g/s1600/Picture1211.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487443676171514978" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdQ8yMqtGI/AAAAAAAAACA/9qyTyCXcG_g/s400/Picture1211.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 290px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-24359685651723011452010-07-05T05:44:00.000-07:002010-07-05T05:44:07.786-07:00CYCLOIDS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;">What is a Cycloid?</span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">A cycloid is a curve generated by a point on the circumference of the circle as the circle rolls along a straight line with out slipping..</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The moving circle is called the "Generating circle" and the straight line is called the "Directing line" or the "Base line".</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The point on the Generating circle which generates the curve is called the "Generating point"</span></span></li>
</ul><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRudd5b2I/AAAAAAAAADQ/LLO6KzG_4TE/s1600/Picture1.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444529600098146" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRudd5b2I/AAAAAAAAADQ/LLO6KzG_4TE/s400/Picture1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 63px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 381px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Construction of a Cycloid</span></span></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step1: Draw the generating circle and the base line equal to the circumference of the generating circle</span></span></li>
</ul></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><u><br />
</u></span></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRudd5b2I/AAAAAAAAADQ/LLO6KzG_4TE/s1600/Picture1.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRuBkh63I/AAAAAAAAADI/nsT0GAafseQ/s1600/Picture2.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444522111724402" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRuBkh63I/AAAAAAAAADI/nsT0GAafseQ/s400/Picture2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 129px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 2 : Divide the circle and the base line in to equal number of parts. also erect the perpendicular lines from the division of the line</span></li>
</ul></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br />
</u></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRuBkh63I/AAAAAAAAADI/nsT0GAafseQ/s1600/Picture2.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRt66kV9I/AAAAAAAAADA/n8gpHJz21vE/s1600/Picture3.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444520325109714" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRt66kV9I/AAAAAAAAADA/n8gpHJz21vE/s400/Picture3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 131px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><u><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">Step 3: with your compass set to the radius of the circle and centers as C1,C2,C3,.... etc cut the arcs on the lines from circle through 1,2,3, .. etc.</span></div></div></u></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></div></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRYYv-y8I/AAAAAAAAAC4/rWBwIBy3N6Q/s1600/Picture4.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444150376647618" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRYYv-y8I/AAAAAAAAAC4/rWBwIBy3N6Q/s400/Picture4.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 128px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Step 4: locate the points which are produced by cutting arcs and joining by a smooth curve.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRYYv-y8I/AAAAAAAAAC4/rWBwIBy3N6Q/s1600/Picture4.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRX4FGRJI/AAAAAAAAACw/Q4SDcTsuEn8/s1600/Picture5.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444141606847634" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRX4FGRJI/AAAAAAAAACw/Q4SDcTsuEn8/s400/Picture5.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 132px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">By joining these new points you will have created the locus of the point P for the circle as it rotates along the straight line with out slipping</span></li>
</ul></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br />
</u></span></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRX4FGRJI/AAAAAAAAACw/Q4SDcTsuEn8/s1600/Picture5.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXhByy0I/AAAAAAAAACo/6kHU68aKQWw/s1600/Picture6.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444135418972994" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXhByy0I/AAAAAAAAACo/6kHU68aKQWw/s400/Picture6.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 114px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><ul><li style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">As our final result is a cycloid</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXhByy0I/AAAAAAAAACo/6kHU68aKQWw/s1600/Picture6.jpg"></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXc-RE1I/AAAAAAAAACg/zrlh1ElLHtM/s1600/Picture7.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444134330438482" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXc-RE1I/AAAAAAAAACg/zrlh1ElLHtM/s400/Picture7.jpg" style="display: block; height: 130px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div></div><div><br />
</div><div></div></div></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-40239309682304557662010-07-05T05:14:00.000-07:002010-07-05T05:19:10.317-07:00BASICS OF Engineering drawing<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;">Creating a drawing</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Drawing instruments are used to draw straight lines ,circles , and curves accurately concisely </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDG-p6BpgbI/AAAAAAAAAFE/btD1lJszBWs/s1600/Picture12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="167" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDG-p6BpgbI/AAAAAAAAAFE/btD1lJszBWs/s200/Picture12.jpg" width="200" /></a> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHBVBPNUSI/AAAAAAAAAFM/A1Dn_Jp7xYU/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHBVBPNUSI/AAAAAAAAAFM/A1Dn_Jp7xYU/s200/Picture2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The drawing tools are like drawing board, mini drafter, instrument box containing compass,divider etc,.. set squares,protractor,french curves, drawing sheet,pencils,erasers..... </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">DRAWING STANDARDS</span><br />
<br />
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Drawing standards are set of rules that govern how the technical drawings are represented</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">these are used so that every one can commonly understand the meaning of drawn picture</span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> Drawing sheet</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">we have many types and sizes of drawing sheets.. like A4,A3,A2,A1,A0 etc</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
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</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">while in the drawing sheet .. first we have to draw border lines and title box and then we have to start drawing</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHGNRWhMqI/AAAAAAAAAFs/K6AVYCGKN-M/s1600/Picture9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHGit31B-I/AAAAAAAAAF0/yDOOQbkXdOk/s1600/Picture10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHGit31B-I/AAAAAAAAAF0/yDOOQbkXdOk/s200/Picture10.jpg" width="200" /></a><img border="0" height="206" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHGNRWhMqI/AAAAAAAAAFs/K6AVYCGKN-M/s320/Picture9.jpg" width="320" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">lettering</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">lettering and numbering should be in a perfect manner.. for example in this figure.. the upper and lower case letters are neatly draw</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHJMNGx9lI/AAAAAAAAAGM/JcZuvE6f_g8/s1600/Picture8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHJMNGx9lI/AAAAAAAAAGM/JcZuvE6f_g8/s640/Picture8.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHIM8VktBI/AAAAAAAAAF8/CSbxvOlo8pk/s1600/Picture5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="500" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TDHIM8VktBI/AAAAAAAAAF8/CSbxvOlo8pk/s640/Picture5.jpg" width="640" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"></span></a><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">lines and its types </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">basically lines which are used in the representation of the diagrams are of mainly 4 types they are</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Visible line</span> : </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">represent features that can be seen in the current view</span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Dimension line</span> ;<span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Extension line</span>;<span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Leader line</span>: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">indicate the sizes and location of features</span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Hidden line : </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">represent features that </span><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">can not be seen</span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"> in the current view</span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: #cc3300; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">Center line: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 24px; line-height: 19px;">represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,</span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">axis of </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;">axisymmetrical</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt;"> parts</span></span></li>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">In this way we use different types of lines in the drawing</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
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</span></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1654186494672695433.post-72111896265921572992010-06-27T05:50:00.000-07:002010-07-05T05:52:56.636-07:00CYCLOIDS,EPICYCLOIDS ,HYPOCYCLOIDS<div><br />
</div><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;">What is a <a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/cycloids-and-their-construction.html">Cycloid</a>?</span><br />
<div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> A cycloid is a curve generated by a point on the circumference of the circle as the circle rolls along a straight line with out slipping..</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The moving circle is called the "Generating circle" and the straight line is called the "Directing line" or the "Base line".</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The point on the Generating circle which generates the curve is called the "Generating point"</span></span></li>
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<div><div><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRudd5b2I/AAAAAAAAADQ/LLO6KzG_4TE/s1600/Picture1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444529600098146" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRudd5b2I/AAAAAAAAADQ/LLO6KzG_4TE/s400/Picture1.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 63px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 381px;" /></a><br />
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</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/cycloids-and-their-construction.html">READ MORE ??? CLICK HERE</a></span></div><div><br />
</div><div><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/cycloids-and-their-construction.html">Construction of a Cycloid</a></span></span></div><div><br />
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</div><div><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;"><i><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/epicycloids-and-their-construction.html">EPICYCLOIDS</a></i></span></div><div><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">What is </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Epicycloid</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">? </span></span></i></span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The cycloid is called the epicycloid when the generating circle rolls along another circle outside(directing circle)</span></span></li>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXB40aTI/AAAAAAAAACY/gGJjQukytNc/s1600/Picture11.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5487444127059831090" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_nm98fXNhUco/TCdRXB40aTI/AAAAAAAAACY/gGJjQukytNc/s400/Picture11.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 138px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></a></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0000ee;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The curve traced by a point on a circle which rolls on the out side of a circular base surface</span></span></span></li>
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</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/epicycloids-and-their-construction.html">CONSTRUCTION OF EPICYCLOID</a></span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;"><u><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/epicycloids-and-their-construction.html">READ MORE ?????</a></u></span></li>
</ul></div><div><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 38pt;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/hypocycloids-and-their-construction.html">HYPOCYCLOIDS</a></span></div><div><span style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 51px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><i>construction of hypocycloid </i></span></span></span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> <b>The curve traced by a point on a circle which rolls on the inside of a circular base surface.</b></span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;"><b> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://edpstuff.blogspot.com/2010/07/hypocycloids-and-their-construction.html">READ MORE ???? </a></span></b></span></span></div></div><div><br />
</div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #330099;">Applications of the cycloids</span></b></i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>cycloid curves are used in the design of the gear tooth profiles</i></b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>It is also used in the conveyor of mould boxes in the foundry shops.</i></b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>cycloidal curves are mainly used in Kinematics.</i></b></span></li>
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</span></div></div></div>raviteja kasuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11236217969805588998noreply@blogger.com0